It does not have to be this way. The tax arrangement in the United States provides another option. For instance, the US tax benefit for stock options is that on exercising the option the individual does not have to pay ordinary income tax. Instead, if the shares are held for 1 year from the date of exercise and 2 years from the date of grant, then the profit made on the sale of the shares is taxed as long-term capital gains. Long-term capital gains are taxed in the United States at lower rates than ordinary income. In 2013 the long-term capital gains recognized are taxed at a maximum 15 percent or 0 percent if the individual is in the 10 percent or 15 percent income tax brackets. In comparison to ordinary income tax rates, which may be as high as 35 percent, it is the most favorable tax treatment.

With the increasing amount of Chinese companies rolling out equity incentive schemes for employees in the next decade, it is inevitable that this form of compensation will soon become the norm in all Chinese remuneration packages. High technology companies in China usually face more financial constraints. They need to enjoy tax advantages and access to more and better financing options. Thus, why not provide them with a better option: granting them more tax benefits in incentive stock schemes if their employees hold restricted shares or exercised stock options for a longer period?

Of course, to help Chinese companies to achieve sustainable development, preferential tax treatment should also be offered to producers in the development of low carbon manufacturing as well as manufacturers that are accomplishing industry transformation and upgrading.

Therefore, further reform of China's tax system should be encouraged and implemented to provide a more effective solution for attaining domestic innovation and industrial upgrading. Policymakers should not be conservative in this.

The author is assistant professor in finance, Nottingham University Business School, China.

(China Daily 04/18/2014 page8)