2. 寒潮

cold snap, cold front

請(qǐng)看例句：

Many parts of China are forecast to experience their lowest temperatures in decades over the weekend, with heavy snowstorms expected to persist in eastern and central areas. Internet users have called the cold front a "bossy cold wave" for its strength and reach.

根據(jù)預(yù)報(bào)，本周末，我國(guó)多地將迎來數(shù)十年來最低溫，預(yù)計(jì)華東、華中地區(qū)將有持續(xù)暴雪天氣。此次寒潮影響范圍廣、威力大，因此網(wǎng)民稱之為"霸王級(jí)寒潮"。

人們通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell來表達(dá)寒潮。所謂寒潮，是指來自高緯度(high latitude)地區(qū)的冷空氣(cold air)，在特定的天氣形勢(shì)下迅速加強(qiáng)并向中低緯度地區(qū)侵入，造成沿途地區(qū)劇烈降溫(steep drop in temperatures)、大風(fēng)和雨雪天氣，多發(fā)生在秋末、冬季、初春時(shí)節(jié)。

中央氣象臺(tái)(the National Meteorological Center)22日6時(shí)繼續(xù)發(fā)布寒潮黃色預(yù)警(issue a yellow alert for a strong cold front)。寒潮來襲，各地市政部門也紛紛采取防范措施(take precautions)。安徽、浙江、江西部分地區(qū)中小學(xué)校已經(jīng)提前放寒假(start winter holiday ahead of schedule)；江西省內(nèi)多處景區(qū)(scenic areas)暫時(shí)關(guān)閉(be temporarily closed)。浙江省民政廳則緊急部署，救助流浪乞討人員(homeless vagrants)，已開放避災(zāi)臨時(shí)安置場(chǎng)所(temporary shelters)8900多家。

地方農(nóng)業(yè)部門(agricultural authorities)則提醒農(nóng)民增施有機(jī)肥(add organic fertilizers)，以防止莊稼和蔬菜受凍害(keep crops and vegetables from being damaged by frost)，并加強(qiáng)溫室管理(reinforce plastic greenhouses)。部分省份的電力公司(electricity companies)已出臺(tái)應(yīng)急計(jì)劃(have made emergency plans)，對(duì)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備除冰(remove ice from key facilities)。

極端天氣也令不少地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了市民排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)搶貨的場(chǎng)景。杭州、合肥等地都出現(xiàn)了市民大量囤貨"備戰(zhàn)"極端天氣(stock up on supplies ahead of extreme weather conditions)的情況，超市貨架上的蔬菜被搶購(gòu)一空(supermarket shelves are emptied of vegetables)，超市工作人員不斷補(bǔ)貨。專家稱，此次寒潮的持續(xù)時(shí)間較短(the cold period will be shorter)，造成類似于2008年南方冰雪災(zāi)害的可能性不大。

[相關(guān)詞匯]

暴風(fēng)雪 blizzard

冰雹 hail

雨夾雪 sleet

冷氣團(tuán) cold air mass

集中供暖 central heating

作物損失 crop loss

停電 power failure, blackout

停課 suspend school, halt lessons

四色分級(jí)天氣預(yù)警制度 four-tier color-coded weather warning system