Clay sculptures in Thousand-Buddha Hall in the temple. JU CHUANJIANG/CHINA DAILY

There are 40 colorful clay sculptures of monks, most of which are believed to be made in the Song Dynasty according to 40 real-life monks in the temple. Each of the monks has his own facial expressions and gestures, and even the veins on their forearms and necks are vividly carved. Some are smiling, some are angry and some are pondering. The colors, from mineral substances, remain fresh and bright today.

"The clay sculptures seem to have life. Each one of them teaches the viewer a lesson about life," said Zhang Ruidong, a local traveler. "You can find yourself among them. My looking is like a process of dialogue with them."

During a renovation project in 1982, workers accidentally found silk-made organs, Buddhist texts, copper coins and ancient books in compartments within these clay figures.

There are many well-preserved delicate stone and wood embossments, and frescos on the buildings, telling Buddhist stories. Several stone tablets inscribed with records of the main renovation projects of the temple in the past 1,000 years still stand at corners of the shady courtyard.

Li Deguang, a local traveler, said: "I visited the temple in 1983. It looks exactly the same after 33 years. The temple is an ideal, reminiscent place, while the city has changed too much to be recognized even by locals if they have left for 33 years."

In the back of the temple is Pratyeka (meaning 'every'), a 55.7-meter pagoda of the Song Dynasty, and a monk graveyard covering a period of about 1,500 years. It took the Song people 65 years to build the eight-angle nine-story pagoda with brick, stone and clay. The graveyard has 167 stupas, which refers to a kind of dome-shaped monument used as a Buddhist shrine for relics, and 81 tombstones inscribed with epitaphs.

"Tourism brings about commercialization, against which the Lingyan Buddhists must be vigilant and try to maintain the purity and tranquility of the temple, making it a habitat for hearts," said Hong'en Master, a monk in Lingyan Temple. "We are responsible for handing down the temple to the next generation, just as we received it from our masters."

Contact the writers at liyang@chinadaily.com.cn