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Some countries overthrow their politicians. Some endure them. In Britain, they just laugh at them.
The renowned British sense of humor is on display in a new London exhibition that charts 300 years of the anarchic artistic spirit that produced the political satire of William Hogarth and Spitting Image - as well as the sheer silliness of Benny Hill.
"Rude Britannia," which opened on Wednesday at the Tate Britain gallery, is a feast of irreverence and bad taste that asks whether there is a distinctively British sense of humor, and examines how humor is intertwined with the country's cultural and political history.
"This isn't necessarily about 'funny ha-ha,' although there are jokes," Tate Britain director Penelope Curtis said on Monday. "It's about how the comic is used to do things we can't do in other ways. Often the comic artist is making a very serious point about something that can't be said openly."
Curator Martin Myrone said there has long been a belief that "a distinct British character - informal, humorous, sarcastic" has produced a strong seam of comic art.
He said that while arguing for national character in art is problematic - and not all the artists in the show are British by birth - "humor has had a very important role to play in the way the story of British art has been told."
While European artists like Jacques-Louis David were striving to create a high-minded new classicism 200 years ago, in Britain the likes of Thomas Rowlandson, James Gillray and Hogarth were using their talents to satirize and caricature the politicians of the day.
The exhibition begins in the 17th century, when printing technology first allowed the mass production of cartoons and political broadsides. Then, as now, cartoonists took aim at politics, the economy and social ills.
One of the early works shows Oliver Cromwell, who overthrew the monarchy, donning the regalia of a king. The more things change, many of the artists here seem to say, the more they stay the same.
Some of the images are tastelessly timeless, like the anonymous 18th-century etching Idol-Worship or the Way to Preferment, which shows gentlemen kissing the enormous posterior of Robert Walpole, a politician widely regarded as Britain's first prime minister.
Throughout the exhibition, crass toilet humor intertwines with the political. The crude slapstick of TV's Benny Hill Show or the Carry On movies is as central to the British comic tradition as the exalted Hogarth.
One of the show's six themed rooms is devoted to explicitly bawdy art, from 200-year-old erotic etchings to the saucy seaside postcards of Donald McGill, full of plump, smiling figures emitting double entendres that may even cause blushes among readers today. They are on display still attached to the index cards kept by a disapproving public prosecutor, who amassed a thick file on McGill.
The exhibition's centerpiece is a room devoted to politics, showing how artists have skewered politicians from Napoleon Bonaparte to Adolf Hitler and prime ministers Margaret Thatcher and Tony Blair.
British political cartoons are often much more vicious and visceral than their North American counterparts. In one of the milder instances, the Guardian's Steve Bell invariably depicted Prime Minister John Major wearing his underpants over his trousers. Another editorial cartoonist, Martin Rowson, has shown post-Iraq war Blair drenched in blood.
In the 1980s, satirical puppet show Spitting Image depicted Thatcher as a butcher with a bloody cleaver.
（中國日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)英語點(diǎn)津 Helen 編輯）
About the broadcaster:
Lee Hannon is Chief Editor at China Daily with 15-years experience in print and broadcast journalism. Born in England, Lee has traveled extensively around the world as a journalist including four years as a senior editor in Los Angeles. He now lives in Beijing and is happy to move to China and join the China Daily team.
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