近日，銀監(jiān)會印發(fā)《中國銀監(jiān)會關(guān)于銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險防控工作的指導(dǎo)意見》，在全國范圍內(nèi)進一步加強銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險防控工作，切實處置一批重點風(fēng)險點，消除一批風(fēng)險隱患，嚴守不發(fā)生系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險底線。

Chinese 100 yuan banknotes are seen in a counting machine while a clerk counts them at a branch of a commercial bank in Beijing, in this March 30, 2016 file picture. [Photo/Agencies]

China will enhance risk control throughout the banking sector to eliminate financial risks in major fields, the country's top banking regulator announced Monday.
銀監(jiān)會10日宣布，將在全國范圍內(nèi)進一步加強銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險防控工作，消除重點領(lǐng)域金融風(fēng)險。

《指導(dǎo)意見》明確了銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險防控的重點領(lǐng)域，既包括信用風(fēng)險（credit risks）、流動性風(fēng)險（liquidity risks）、房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險（risks in the real estate sector）、地方政府債務(wù)違約風(fēng)險（local government debt default risks）等傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險，又包括債券波動風(fēng)險（bond risks）、交叉金融產(chǎn)品風(fēng)險（risks of cross-market financial products）、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融風(fēng)險（internet finance risks）、外部沖擊風(fēng)險（risks of external impact）等非傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域風(fēng)險，基本涵蓋了銀行業(yè)風(fēng)險的主要類別。

《指導(dǎo)意見》指出，銀行業(yè)金融機構(gòu)要嚴格落實信貸及類信貸資產(chǎn)的分類標準和操作流程（implement the classification standard and operating process of credit assets），真實、準確和動態(tài)地反映資產(chǎn)風(fēng)險狀況；加強統(tǒng)一授信（unified credit granting）、統(tǒng)一管理（unified management），嚴格不同層級的審批權(quán)限；加強授信風(fēng)險審查，有效甄別高風(fēng)險客戶，防范多頭授信、過度授信、給“僵尸企業(yè)”（zombie enterprises）授信、給“空殼企業(yè)”（shell companies）授信、財務(wù)欺詐等風(fēng)險。

常見金融詞匯表達

信譽風(fēng)險 reputational risk

風(fēng)險評級 risk rating

到期不還貸 default on a loan

資不抵債 insolvency; be insolvent

亞洲金融危機 Asian financial crisis (1997-98)

投資(貸款)組合 investment (loan) portfolio

外匯儲備充足 sufficient foreign exchange reserves

中國金融業(yè)問題 problems with financial sector in China

儲蓄比例過高 the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply

國有企業(yè)產(chǎn)負債率過高 high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises,

國有獨資商業(yè)銀行不良資產(chǎn)比例過高 high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks

少數(shù)中小存款金融機構(gòu)不能支付到期債務(wù) insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institutions

不良貸款 non-performing loans

防范和化解金融風(fēng)險 address financial risks

（中國日報網(wǎng)英語點津 馬文英）