WASHINGTON — Holding long-term global warming to 2 C — the fall-back target of the Paris climate accord — is now "impossible", according to a stark new analysis published by leading scientists.

Led by renowned climatologist James Hansen, the paper appears in the journal Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development and concludes that Earth's climate is more sensitive to rising greenhouse gas emissions than previously thought.

Compounding the crisis, Hansen and colleagues argued, is a recent decline in sunlight-blocking aerosol pollution from the shipping industry, which had been mitigating some of the warming.

An ambitious climate change scenario outlined by the UN's climate panel, which gives the planet a 50 percent chance of keeping warming under 2 C by the year 2100, "is an implausible scenario," Hansen told a briefing on Tuesday.

"That scenario is now impossible," said Hansen, formerly a top NASA climate scientist who famously announced to the US Congress in 1988 that global warming was underway.

"The two-degree target is dead."

Instead, he and co-authors argued that the amount of greenhouse gases already pumped into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels meant increased warming is now guaranteed.

Temperatures will stay at or above 1.5 C in the coming years — devastating coral reefs and fueling more intense storms — before rising to around 2.0 C by 2045, they forecast.

They estimated polar ice melt and freshwater injection into the North Atlantic will trigger the shutdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, within the next 20 to 30 years.

The current brings warmth to various parts of the globe and also carries nutrients necessary to sustain ocean life.

'Point of no return'

Its end "will lock in major problems, including sea level rise of several meters — thus, we describe AMOC shutdown as the 'point of no return,'" the paper argued.

However, Hansen said the point of no return could be avoided, based on the growing conviction of young people that they should follow science.

The world's nations agreed during the landmark Paris Agreement of 2015 to try to hold end-of-century warming to 1.5 C above preindustrial levels.

Scientists identified the threshold as critical to preventing the breakdown of major ocean circulation systems, the abrupt thawing of boreal permafrost, and the collapse of tropical coral reefs.

The 1.5 C target has already been breached over the past two years, according to data from the EU's climate monitoring system Copernicus, though the Paris Agreement referred to a long-term trend over decades.

At 2 C, the impacts would be even greater, including irreversible loss to Earth's ice sheets, mountain glaciers and snow, sea ice and permafrost.

The authors acknowledged that the findings appeared grim but argued that honesty is a necessary ingredient for change.

"Failure to be realistic in climate assessment and failure to call out the fecklessness of current policies to stem global warming is not helpful to young people," they said.

"Today, with rising crises including global climate change, we have reached a point where we must address the problem of special interests," the authors added, stressing they were "optimistic" for the future.

Agencies Via Xinhua