During this year's Zhongguancun Forum, a tech event held in Beijing in late May, Zhao Zhiguo, chief engineer at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said the BCI technology will be strongly supported to be an important development direction for China and accelerated efforts will be made to explore more application scenarios for the technology.

"China has been proactively pushing for BCI industry development. The country has made breakthroughs in key BCI projects and nurtured a number of leading BCI innovative enterprises. It also has built a BCI industrial alliance with more than 100 members across the industrial chain," Zhao from the MIIT said during the forum.

Zhao further said China attaches great importance to standard-setting. The MIIT, for instance, has supported companies and related research institutes to take the lead in drawing up BCI international standards. The ministry has also led the establishment of a technical committee to lay a solid foundation for BCI research standardization.

Notably, the level of independent research and development of chips and electrodes, two critical components in BCI technology, is constantly improving in China, Zhao said.

Agreed Gao from Tsinghua University. "The ultimate goal of BCI development is to realize full integration of human brain and machine as one organic whole. As both China and the US are striving to drive progress in BCI, the goal is likely to be achieved over the next 50 years."

Amid all this optimism about the race to the future, He Jianghong, a renowned expert in neurosurgery at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, sounded a note of caution, saying safety problems should be given special attention during the BCI technology's development.

"Attention should be paid to track whether a BCI device can be safely put into operation and become compatible for a long time, and whether it will cause direct damage such as infections, bleeding or other problems to users," He said. "Also, once this technology is widely applied, it will inevitably collect data like a large number of human brain signals, thus potentially raising privacy concerns."

So, it is important that China and other countries should address ethical issues and take precautions so that the BCI industry can develop in a healthy way, he said.