STOCKHOLM - It's the one subject skiers and snowboarders cannot stop obsessing about at the Winter Olympics - how best to wax their equipment to ensure maximum speed and stability.

Get it right in the waxing shed and you can glide your way to Olympic glory. Get it wrong and the snow can turn to molasses.

In cross-country skiing, athletes must ensure they get their "kick wax" right in order to keep pace in the uphill stretches, and former biathlete Jean-Marc Chabloz says there's no room for error.

"It is completely crucial, completely crucial," the four-time Olympian said as he demonstrated the basic techniques for waxing cross-country skis on Tuesday.

"You can't win a race with bad skis, it just doesn't work. Everyone is at their best, so it's small margins."

Chabloz, who now coaches student athletes at Jamtlands High School in Stockholm, expertly cleaned his skis and used a hot iron to spread a thin layer of glide wax before polishing them to a smooth finish.

For cross-country skiers and biathletes, getting the balance right is tough. They need to ski as fast as possible across flat ground and downhill, but they also need a good grip to get them to the top of hills.

To achieve this, a stickier "kick wax" is applied to the ski in the area under and in front of the foot, while the rest is given a coating of glide wax.

But it is not just a case of what wax is applied where. There are hundreds of products on the market for different conditions.

"There's many parameters that have to be taken into account when waxing," said Chabloz.

"The quality of the snow, for one. Is it rough or fine? Also the temperature, humidity and of course the distance."

The 50-year-old, who competed for Switzerland in four Winter Olympics (Albertville, Lillehammer, Nagano and Salt Lake City), said he always got his waxing right at the Games, but others are not so lucky.

At the 2014 Sochi Games, both Norwegian relay teams performed poorly and the blame was laid squarely on the waxing team. And at a World Cup event in Ruka, Finland in November, it happened again.

"The skiers had good grip when they tested the skis, and bad grip when they skied the race. It's easy to explain - it was a waxing miss," said Knut Nystad, who is responsible for waxing for the Norwegian team.

For alpine skiers and snowboarders, the requirements are different, with sharp edges often needed on their equipment to cut into the artificial snow and icy surfaces of downhill and slopestyle courses.

When waxing, teams must also take into account the fact that conditions can change during a race, which makes waxing more an art than a science.

But for Chabloz, the key is to not complicate things.

"There's a whole pile of waxing products out there, so you have to try to stick to something simple that you know," he said.

"Then there's no big worries."

Reuters